Worldwide Harmonised Light-Duty Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP)

The Worldwide Harmonised Light-Duty Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP) is a laboratory test designed to measure the fuel consumption, emissions, range and electric consumption of vehicles.

The test uses a standardised cycle and conditions to provide more accurate and comparable results between different vehicles, and is more realistic than the previous test (NEDC). However, it's important to note that the WLTP does not precisely replicate real-world driving conditions.

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WLTP explained on video.

This video will show you the important facts for the WLTP measuring technique.

WLTP as a legal requirement

The WLTP test cycle became mandatory in September 2017 for all new car models sold in the European Union, and for all cars sold there since September 2018. This test method is also used in Australia. As a legal requirement the data supplied is representative of a basic specification level vehicle. Any options added to the vehicle will impact fuel consumption and emissions. During the test, the vehicle is loaded with a specific percentage of the payload (15% for passenger cars; 28% for light commercials), and the air conditioning and other auxiliary systems are turned off. The test cycle lasts about 30 minutes and covers a distance of approximately 23.3 km.

Why WLTP?

The previous standard for testing vehicle performance, the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), introduced in 1992, is outdated and not as comprehensive as the WLTP cycle. In contrast, the WLTP test cycle aims to provide more realistic and accurate values during a vehicle's approval testing. It considers a wider range of driving situations and conditions that better reflect real-world driving. As a result, the CO2 emissions and fuel consumption figures for vehicles may appear higher when compared to the NEDC figures currently available.

What are the benefits of WLTP?

The WLTP test cycle has several benefits over previous test cycles, including:

Better simulation of real-world driving conditions, providing a more accurate representation of a vehicle's performance.
Greater range of driving situations (urban, suburban, main road, motorway).
Longer test distances: 23.3km.
More realistic ambient temperatures.
Higher average and maximum speeds: 46.5 kph average; 131 kph maximum.
Tighter control over vehicle setup, reducing variability between tests.
More dynamic and representative accelerations and decelerations, capturing the true performance characteristics of the vehicle.

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WLTP and Electric Vehicle Range

^{The WLTP test measures the electric range of a vehicle with a standardised test consisting of 4 different phases, with varying levels of acceleration, deceleration, and stops. The test is conducted with a fully charged battery and all electrical equipment turned off. For an electric vehicle (BEV), the electric range is derived from a WLTP test procedure in which the vehicle will travel over dynamic and constant speed segments until the battery is fully discharged. For a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), the AER (All Electric Range) is determined by the distance travelled in the WLTP until combustion engine starts for the first time. It is important to note that the on-board energy consumption computer in electric vehicles calculates the expected range based on previous driving behaviour and conditions. It provides feedback on energy usage and predicted range, helping drivers optimize range and efficiency by adjusting their driving style. Actual range may vary due to individual driving habits and external factors. The choice of wheels significantly impacts the expected range of an electric vehicle. Different wheel types, such as larger or more aerodynamic designs, can affect efficiency and energy consumption. Wider wheels may reduce range due to increased rolling resistance, while smaller or more aerodynamic wheels maximize range by minimizing drag. When evaluating an electric vehicle's range, it's crucial to consider wheel selection for optimal balance between aesthetics, performance, and desired range.}

Will WLTP end the discrepancy between the laboratory test and on-road performance of cars?

^{While the WLTP provides a more realistic representation of on-road conditions compared to the old NEDC lab test, it cannot account for all variations. Different drivers have unique driving styles, such as varying acceleration, cornering, and braking habits. Additionally, driving conditions like traffic and weather differ between countries. Due to these factors, there will still be a difference between laboratory measured values and those encountered in the real world. However, standardised lab tests are essential for directly comparing emissions and fuel consumption across different car models and manufacturers since there is no single real-world emission value.}

NEDC vs WLTP

The Australian government is in the planning phase of migrating to WLTP and in the meantime, they allow the use of WLTP results for BEV’s and PHEV’s. New testing parameters ensure more realistic values. The new testing procedure has a modified driving cycle and stricter test specifications. These include a longer time span for the measurement along with a higher maximum speed.

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WTLP

Worldwide Harmonised Light-Duty Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP)

WLTP explained on video.

WLTP and Electric Vehicle Range

Will WLTP end the discrepancy between the laboratory test and on-road performance of cars?